A Rose for Emily - Creative Writing - 970 Words

This is the point of view of the window in the room where Homer Barron was killed. The window is a witness of Emily ´s entire life and it is the one who can describe everything that has happened at the moment Emily puts an end to Homer’s existence. In my opinion, this piece of writing can enrich the text because the reader gets a glimpse of the conversation Emily and Homer have before she kills him and what Tobe’s position in her game is. The long room, with its pink walls, was dark and empty, except for all the new furniture that, little by little, Tobe had sneaked in without the neighbours ever quite noticing. And a fine job he had done. The room had never looked half as lovely. I could hear footsteps slowly coming up the stairs and†¦show more content†¦Surely not now. That is no longer a possibility.† The next thing I heard was a muted thud, as if some heavy weight had been dropped carelessly on the carpeted floor. I wasn’t completely closed, and thanks to a sudden gust of wind, the curtains which were blinding me moved aside, and in a glimpse of vision, I was able to take in the scene before me: Mr Barron lay on the floor and Miss Emily seemed to be undressing him, ever so gently. Through my covered eyes, I was back to seeing shadows and shapes, but I could see her getting back to her feet and placing his suit on top of the chair and, by the noise, I figure she arranged his shoes somewhere nearby. â€Å"Tobe,† she called aloud. Tobe quietly, opened the door and stepped in. What I never liked about the man was that he had that quality of moving around the house as if ghost-like, and you could never be quite sure where he was. â€Å"Yes, ma’am?† â€Å"Put him on the bed and then leave us for the night. We shall not require your services until morning.† Her quiet, her countenance, was enviable. She had always had that air of cool detachment about herself. The mark of a true lady. Or of a true madwoman. â€Å"Yes, ma’am.† Tobe did as he was ordered and started towards the door. Suddenly, however, he turned around and noted my condition. â€Å"Shall I close the window before I leave, ma’am?† â€Å"If you may. Now go, Tobe. Thank you.† After ruining my only chance to see clearly, Tobe left the room, and turned off the lights.Show MoreRelated Loneliness to Insanity and Madness in A Rose for Emily and The Yellow Wall-Paper1545 Words   |  7 PagesFrom Loneliness to Insanity in A Rose for Emily and The Yellow Wall-Paper      Ã‚   In The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir states that within a patriarchal society woman does not enjoy the dignity of being a person; she herself forms a part of the patrimony of a man: first of her father, then of her husband (82-3). 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These two stories often cause the reader to question the story s sole purpose, and leaves them with many questions since the important themes are strategically placed beneath the surface ofRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado, And A Rose For Emily1643 Words   |  7 Pagesfiction surrounding such a downer subject. Sonny’s Blues, The Cask of Amontillado, and A Rose for Emily all use the theme of ensnarement by internal or external forces to express radically different concepts, which range from creative expression, to questioning morality, to the idea that one’s freedom in life determines if they can let go. Sonny’s Blues utilizes the theme of entrapment to express the idea that creative expression, while not always pleasant to everyone, is a helpful way to heal and recoverRead MoreLiterary Appreciation Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagescharacter must face with and hopefully defeat. What behind conflict is want. The author always creates situations where the characters crave something. 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She notes that realism is not in itself an artistic expression, yet so many art forms from literature to paintings—particularly from her time period—portray little more than the realism of our world. In her mind, the literalness that is realism can be successfullyRead MoreEmily Dickinson1172 Words   |  5 PagesEmily Dickinson’s works are studied by various audiences from high school students to college scholars. Even without striving to hope that her works would impact so many generations, Dickinson has influenced many generations of poets and plays a major role in the development of American Literature. Dickinson did not become famous for her works until after her death in 1886. Not only is Emily Dickinson’s work important to the study of American Literature, most of her writings were composed during

Louisiana Purchase Essay Example For Students

Louisiana Purchase Essay When Thomas Jefferson became president of the United States in 1801, he dreamed of sending an expedition to explore the little-known territory west of the Mississippi river. Between 1783 and 1792 Jefferson has encouraged plans for three expeditions. All three expeditions failed. In January, 1803, he asked Congress for $2,500 to pay for an expedition that might journey as far as the Pacific Ocean. The request was approval and kept secret because most of the region to be explored still belonged to France. This vast area, lying between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains, was called Louisiana in honor of Louis XIV of France. When President Jefferson learned of the Treaty of San Ildefonso, between Napoleon and Spanish rulers, which gave Louisiana back to the French, he was very worried. On October 15, 1802, the King of Spain finally gave the order transferring Louisiana to France, but the Spanish governor in New Orleans didnt know of this order. The following day he suddenly withdrew the right of deposit. This was the right given to American shippers that allowed them to leave their goods at New Orleans while awaiting transfer onto ocean going vessels. Many people felt threatened over this and thought that we should go in and take Louisiana by force. At this point in time Napoleons dream would never come true because France was almost always at war. They didnt have enough troops to go over to America and guard the Louisiana territory. Another main concern of Napoleon was that France was running very low on money and Napoleon knew that this piece of land would get them the money that they so very needed. Napoleon stated that this was the very last resort that they would use to get money. Napoleon heard that the Americans might try and take over New Orleans by force with their continental army. Napoleon really didnt know when, but he thought that the Americans would probably try and do it when the French engage in their next war or battle. With France getting poorer and poorer and his army getting weaker and weaker he decided to give up claims on the Louisiana territory. On April 30, 1803 Napoleon signed a treaty saying that the French were to give up the claims on the territory. The poor and tired of fighting France sold the Louisiana territory to the United States or the Americans for about fifteen million needed dollars. Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States, made many great decisions and accomplished many things in and out of office. I personally think that the greatest accomplishment that Thomas Jefferson ever did was the purchase of the Louisiana territory .Their were many reasons why Thomas Jefferson wanted to purchase this piece of land. The first reason is that this land was great for farming. This land is able to grow many different crops such as: flour, tobacco, cotton, corn, potatoes, apples, and carrots for a few. The ports in New Orleans were a very big asset to the Americans because it would make it easier to trade, import, and export goods from other countries. With New Orleans and Florida included in the Louisiana Purchase gave the Americans many different ports for trading. This also helped the United States Navy, with all these new ports the Americans could strengthen their defense and improve the navy. At this time the French were very poor and needed the money so Jefferson knew he would get this piece of land for a very cheap price. For fifteen million dollars the United States acquired Florida, the Mississippi river, New Orleans, Rocky Mountains, sea ports , and the miles and miles of rich farmland all came with the Louisiana Purchase. All in all everything went smoothly, but there was one minor problem with this treaty. The problem was that Jefferson still did not how much land that he actually purchased. He knew it was a lot but, did not know the exact specifications or were it started and ended. Spain and the United States disputed over what land each one of them would get. The main issue in this dispute was, who would get Florida and who would get Texas. Jackie robinson Essay Indeed, the one area that Jefferson and his .

Modern American History

Table of Contents Introduction The Dynamics of Capital Expansion American Democratic Idealism and Imperialism The Freedom of Speech during the World War Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Two initial sentences in the introduction to the book Overthrow: America’s Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq written by Stephen Kinzer state the problem and briefly consider it, â€Å"Why does a strong nation strike against a weaker one? Usually because it seeks to impose its ideology, increase its power, or gain control of valuable resources† (Kinzer 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modern American History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The statement is true, but when it goes about the United States of America, it is a rule to talk about democracy and the necessity to help Americans and other nations understand what democracy is and to implement it by all means. The modern situation in the wor ld and the latest events which made the USA interfere into the life of its country and other nations allows us to look at the issue critically and to point to the problem which exists in the contemporary world. Paying attention to the modern American history, it is possible to consider a number of specific examples when the USA tried to impose its rules (and it is necessary to state that it was rather successful in its attempts) on other countries and limit the freedoms of its citizens claiming about the importance of democracy and helping the whole world become free in its actions. Dwelling upon democracy and the desire to help Americans and other nations become free, the government of the United States of America have been providing constant interference to the private life of different nations, calling it democratic idealism, and making its citizens remain speechless contradicting to their first amendment right to free speech; the overthrow in Hawaii in 1893, the President Woodro w Wilson’s declaration of war message to congress (April, 1917), and the Espionage Act of 1917 are brightest examples of the American imperialism in the whole world. The Dynamics of Capital Expansion Considering the modern history of the USA and trying to remember the most striking events connected with the American interference into other countries, the invasion of Iraq in 2003 is remembered. However, being the most vivid case of American expansion, Iraq is not the only country where Americans tried to interfere. The USA constantly tries to implement its capital expansion on other nations. To make it clear, the main idea of capital expansion (read imperialism) should be described. Deeping into the history, Parenti in The dynamic of capital expansion states that the expansion as form of ruling was popular, e.g. Persian, Mongol, Roman, etc. empires functioned on the principle of imperialism. The development of the financial relations made it possible for the more powerful coun tries to spread capital expansion as a form of imperialism. Parenti declares that â€Å"a central imperative of capitalism is expansion† (3). The relations within the capitalist society are based on profit. To make more profit, companies should expand and increase its productivity. Having created the manufacturing in different countries, the companies have an opportunity to manage human resources in those countries and make the society act as they want.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, using different financial and economic leverage, a foreign country has an opportunity to interfere in the affairs of the society, even though that interference is indirect. Let us explore the situation which took place in Hawaii in 1893 with the information considered above in mind. The central event which provoked Americans and made those implement active actions is considered to be the desir e of Queen Liliuokalani to change the Constitution. The central change the queen wanted to apply was the change of vote procedure. According to the new law, only native citizens of Hawaii might have an opportunity to vote. This change would have influenced the life of all islands which created a country. Having a queen and being a separate country, Hawaii was ruled by â€Å"a few dozen American and European families† (Kinzer 9). The elite were interested in this ruling, but the natives experienced pressure and inconvenience on their own lands. The desire of the queen to change the political structure of Hawaii would mean nothing good for Americans and Europeans. But, being aware of the capital expansion as a form of imperialism, it is possible to state that Americans could not react somehow differently. America did not have the right to lose influence in Hawaii as it had already invested too much there. The USA had made too much to be defeated. Performing the role of capital imperial country, the USA provided its expansion on Hawaii by means of investing in that country, dominating its economy, culture, politics, and â€Å"integrating its productive structures into an international system of capital accumulation† (Parenti 3). Having spent too much affords and time on implementing its domination over Hawaii, the change of constitution was not included in the US plans. This would mean that the USA did not have political influence on Hawaiian life. The overthrowing of the queen with the help of American diplomat was the problem of one day. The USA, a country which cared about all peoples in the world, could not allow the nation to remain without a leader. Thus, Hawaii appeared under direct influence from the USA (Kinzer 32). The long history of these two counties was not over. Looking at Hawaii as one of the US states, it is possible to conclude that the providing capital expansion of a weaker nation, the dominant one will always win. American Democ ratic Idealism and Imperialism Considering the examples of American imperialism in the overthrow of Hawaii, Cuba, Philippines, and Nicaragua in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, it is possible to state that the democratic idealism the United States of America try to apply is nothing more than American imperialism in practice.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modern American History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reading President Woodrow Wilson’s, war message to congress, it is accepted as the declaration of war to Germany. This document passionately discusses how German army wants to â€Å"sink very vessel that sought to approach either the ports of Great Britain and Ireland or western coasts of Europe or any of the coasts controlled by the enemies of Germany within the Mediterranean† (Woodrow n.p.). The President of the USA dwelt much about the crime against all nations. The dis cussion was directed at the friendly relations between the USA and Germany, but the importance of their continuation due to the existing situation. It seems that the USA aims to protect all the nations from Imperial German Government. This is exactly what it does. But! This message has a phrase which may explain the overthrow of such governments as Cuba, Philippines, and Nicaragua, â€Å"Neutrality is no longer feasible or desirable where the peace of the world is involved and the freedom of its peoples, and the menace to that peace and freedom lies in the existence of autocratic governments backed by organized force which is controlled wholly by their will, not by the will of their people† (Woodrow n.p.). This was one of the main reasons of American expansion to foreign countries. Being covered by the Spanish war and the consequences of the Treaty of Paris, the USA has managed to gain control over Cuba and Philippines. Stating that this domination is only official and it is not going to interfere into its national affairs, the new Cuban Constitution created under the guidelines of a new President, made it possible for the USA to intervene into Cuban inner affairs. The amendments in this constitution gave the USA the power to rule the country. The operations in Philippines, as well as in Cuba, were a â€Å"part of a larger war† (Kinzer 70). Isn’t it exactly what Woodrow told about neutrality and the desire to maintain peace? It is all about the USA. Pointing to the peaceful operations, declaring about the highest purposes, it always persuaded its own interests. Political and economical influence, the domination in these questions on those territories is one of the main signs of imperialistic expansion. Dwelling upon democracy, the USA helped Cuba get rid of Spanish domination, but Cuba did not become free. The same had happened with Philippines and Nicaragua. Stating that one of the main desires of the USA in the Spanish-American war was t o create the conditions for implementing democracy in many the mentioned countries, the USA managed to release them, but their independence became possible only with the constitutional right of the USA to interfere into the countries’ inner affairs. So, what is it, the American democratic idealism or the practice of American imperialism? The first option is closer and is considered to be more correct.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Freedom of Speech during the World War Trying to establish imaginary democracy in the whole world, the US government has realized that the democratic freedoms they have implemented in its own country should b limited. The cause of the limitation of the freedom of speech served Eugene Debs’ The Canton, Ohio Speech, Anti-War Speech which was declared on June 16, 1918. From the very beginning of the speech, it can be seen that the US government had what to worry about. Debs said that, â€Å"it is extremely dangerous to exercise the constitutional right of free speech in a country fighting to make democracy safe in the world† (n.p.). The main idea of the article is declared. The further discussion turns to the representation of the examples of unfairness of the USA on the world arena. The danger of this discussion for the USA is that its main reasons for implementation of the peace in the words are declared in the whole world. A person has appeared who dared to say it. Saying that it has become dangerous to express personal thoughts in the relation to some specific events and actions which happen in the world, Debs tries to attract social attention to the problem of what the USA tries to impose on human thinking and what it really does. The focus of this speech was the exposure of the imaginable democracy American people lived. Trying to show examples, Debs asked about the jurisdiction and law system. Is there a simple worker who has ever appointed a judge to his/her position? Federal judges have never been named by the working class. This means that there is nothing to talk about the democracy in the country which does not allow people rule the country. Americans are the nation which believes its president. If the president states that they live in the democratic society, all the actions the government implements are directed at the support of the regime. The same situation occurs in other countries of the world. One of the main dangers of this speech was the exposure of the real purposes the USA persuaded on the world arena and the creation of the Social Party which could become a problem to the implementation of the US expansion. This speech is considered to be a reaction to the Espionage Act of 1917 which clearly limited the nation n third sire to express their thoughts. No one could speak about the US enemies and promote their success. The information devoted to false reports which could influence the US success on the international arena was also prohibited. People were deprived of their right to express personal opinion, one of the main characteristic features of the democratic society. The desire to prevent people from the discussion of the international affairs during the war was caused by the government desire to eliminate any possibility of disclosure of main reasons of the â€Å"American democracy† in the world. Being afraid of expressing personal opinion in public, people became to remain silent even in the problems which do not seem prohibited under the Espionage Act of 1917. Conclusion In conclusion, it should be mentioned that the desire of the United States of America to create the democratic regimes in all countries in the world is contradicted by the action the USA does. Trying to prove the whole world that the main purpose the USA persuades is the democracy, we can easily see that this is not true. Having considered the examples of Cuba, Hawaii, Philippines, and Nicaragua, it is possible to state that the only thing which the USA desired was the capital expansion of those territories concealed under the mask of the implementation of the democratic society. The change of the regimes in different countries under the declaration of their independence or in the frames of the long lasting wars, the USA managed to maintain its imperialism almost in the whole world. Picturesque examples are offered in the book Overthrow: America’s Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq by Stephen Kinzer, where the author strictly provides the examples of the American â€Å"ideal democracy† in the world. Looking at the contemporary world and the situation which has been established, it is possible to say that there are a lot of countries which function not under the American democratic rules and which the USA wants to control. All the conflicts which happen in the world are based on the issues of power, control and influence. Those who manage to keep the economy and politics of different countries under total control always win. This is exactly what the USA wants to do, but considering the recent case of the invasion of Iraq and the inability of the USA implement its control in that country it may be stated that there is a chance to avoid American imperialistic influence. Works Cited Debs, Eugene V. â€Å"The Canton, Ohio Speech, Anti-War Speech.† Internet Archive, 2001. Web. Espionage Act of 1917. 1917. Web. Kinzer, Stephen. Overthrow: Americaâ€⠄¢s Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq. Times Books, 2007. Print. Parenti, Michael. â€Å"The Dynamic of Capital Expansion.† Against empire. Ed. Michael Parenti. San Francisco, CA: City Lights Books, 1995. 3-5. Print. Woodrow, Wilson. â€Å"War message to congress.† Joint Session of the Two Houses of Congress, 2 Apr. 1917. Web. This essay on Modern American History was written and submitted by user Zaniyah Juarez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Best Way to Plan a Marketing Performance Management Process

The Best Way to Plan a Marketing Performance Management Process How do you get the most from your marketing team? The most productivity. The most team satisfaction. The most success overall, however you choose to define it. That’s all anyone managing a team wants, right? The answer starts with planning an effective performance management process. One that identifies your team’s goals, puts a plan in place to achieve them, and measures the results for future improvement. Putting that kind of plan into place isn’t a simple task. But, with this straightforward guide, you can put yourself and your team on the right path to be more productive. Now, this is a broad topic with lots of moving parts. In order to keep it digestible, practical, and actionable, this post will narrow down the steps you need to take to put an actual process into practice, without diving too deep into more theoretical aspects of management. Digestible, practical, and actionable intro into setting up a successful marketing performanceSnag Your Performance Management Checklist It’s easier to follow processes when you can break them down into a checklist. In fact, that’s something research supports. So, make implementing this process easier with a simple performance management checklist. When it comes time to evaluate marketing talent on your team, it’ll make it easier to know exactly what to look for, which questions to ask, and what to do next. What Does â€Å"Performance Management† Mean in Plain Language? In a marketing context, we can summarize this topic as such: Performance management is the intentional practice of ensuring every member of your marketing team meets individualized goals through thorough planning, monitoring, and commitment to continuous improvement. That’s it in as succinct terms as possible. What Does the Performance Management Process Look Like? Generally, this process moves in three phases: Planning: Setting goals, expectations, and a strategy moving forward. Execution: Acting to implement that strategy to meet desired goals up to expectations. Review: Periodically assessing progress toward goals and steps for improvement. Which Performance Management Tools Do Marketing Teams Need? Get the right tools for the job. For this particular task, here are some recommendations: : An all-in-one marketing management platform for keeping teams and projects organized. Use Team Tab to manage team performance, and Team Performance Reports to objectively measure real productivity. Excel: Much of what marketing teams would typically use Excel for team planning-wise can be achieved with . However, this remains a staple option that’s essentially free (in that it’s a paid product, but your company is probably already paying for it). Evernote: Useful for building checklists and storing documentation. Integrates seamlessly with . This covers the basics. What’s Needed for Success? Everything starts with setting the right goals. At a high level, it should achieve (at least) the following three things. Ensuring Everyone Does Their Best Work Ultimately, this is what it’s all about: getting the most from your team. Identifying Strengths and Weaknesses Everyone has both, and it’s important to understand where every team members lies in each area. Providing Constructive Feedback No one can improve without knowing where to focus their efforts. When constructive feedback is communicated clearly, you can set expectations on how things need to change before the next time you meet to talk about goals. Celebrate Wins It’s important to be transparent when communicating areas that need improvement. But, it’s also important to appreciate successes and make sure team members know when they’re doing well. That helps build positive momentum that leads to further success. Getting Started With Planning Excellence doesn’t happen by accident, it happens by choice, and it starts with solid planning. Start a Trial or Schedule a Demo This post will cover managing your team using . If you’re not a customer, consider starting a trial or scheduling a demo. Otherwise, you may need to substitute in other software to complete some of the following steps. Add Your Team Members to Next, add each team member into . This is easy to do quickly. Understanding the Team Now, there are some things that need to be made clear between management, HR, department leads, and team members. Each team member’s purpose. What is their actual role and value to your marketing team? This has likely been summarized in your job descriptions, but if they’re out of date or the team member has outgrown that definition, it may be time for a role switch or promotion. Responsibilities and priorities. What are the most important things this employee needs to get done? Performance expectations. In order to keep your team on track to meet its goals, what results does each team member need to produce? Recommended Reading: How To Lead A Cross-Functional Team Collaboration With 3 Proven Ways To Ease Cross-Functional Team Collaboration Determining Future Vision Set up a meeting with each team member to figure out where they’d like to go in the future (and to set performance goals accordingly).

Ethical Issue Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethical Issue Case study - Essay Example There are existing statutes that cover the case of patients like the Somali immigrant. Several cases have already been resolved by the American courts with regards to treatment to forced treatment of people with contagious diseases. This coerced consent, according to Scutchfield and Keck, is not obtained as a sham of an informed consent, but as a way to obviate the need for physically forcing the treatment on the patient (72). I can also, as an alternative, resort to outright coercion. While this is extremely rare, this is not something that is unheard of. The case is quite extraordinary. First, the patient refuses treatment because tuberculosis is supposedly a death warrant in Somali culture. Secondly, her family also acceded to her wishes and supported her decision. Finally, there are no other medical alternatives left that would accommodate the cultural beliefs of the patient. Asking for legal advice to this action is crucial as well. But this is a matter of life and death and the fact that there is the danger of to the public variable. The civil authorities are always found to rule in support of healthcare decisions made in emergency situations that are dispensed with in good faith. The patient can only contest a forced treatment if they could provide evidence that: 1) the patient’s decision was contrary to what it would have been considered consequence of the involuntariness; and, 2) the treatment resulted into harm for the woman. I am basing my decision out of the principle of Act-Utilitarianism which argues that an action is right or wrong according to the consequences it resulted. If the result is good, then the act itself must be good as well and vice versa. Put in another way, the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its utility or those that are intrinsically valuable under the utilitarian’s theory of value (Thomas and Waluchow 19). One may argue that Act Utilitarianism is just another version of the-end-justifies-the-me ans argument but such is not the case. Utilitarianism is not really about instances like fraud being committed in order to achieve some higher purpose. Instead, there is a moral dimension, which requires a moral agent to decide for the achievement of happiness and benefits for all. The decision-maker under Act Utilitarianism always makes the following claim: An act is right and only if there is no other action I could have done instead which either (a) would have produced a greater balance of utility over disutility; or (b) would have produced a smaller balance of disutility over utility (19). There is the need to decide in a forward-looking manner with an emphasis on the examination of the impact of such decision to those affected individuals. It is ethical because, first, it is unselfish. The decision-maker makes the decision for the good of all. Secondly, it promotes happiness, well-being or positive benefits to those affected. In moral theology (from where most of our concepts o f goodness and evil comes from) there is always a concept of the unavoidable evil in order to achieve good results if that is the only way to do so. This rationale is expressed in a duty-based morality that a doctor can use in order to address the problem posed by the woman refusing treatment. I would like to discuss the behavior of the patient from the utilitarian perspective. She is suffering from a

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

Personal Statement Example My interest in the field of organizational behavior study connected with the experience I have obtained while working in the settings. There people and the corporate cultures within the companies were different and I have found that there was as well a significant difference in people’s behaviors and the organizations. I found it important to leverage the success of the organization and its employees in managing people and their behavior. Thus, acting without procedures or direct instructions lead to the misunderstandings and misperceptions among the supervisors and employees. That is why I think it is worth implementing the employee empowerment within the organizations to establish proper behavior of their employees. I would very much like to learn more about these trends.   Possessing a proactive outlook on life, I am able to seek and go after the things I want to accomplish in life. This is my commitment toward the people and I want to be an example  to others with my contribution to the society. My first knowing with human resource management started as a result  of my ability to get detailed understanding of the roles human resource play in undertake human issues and further the organizational success.  In this light, I have decided to apply for the program in Human Resource Management, as I am interested to study more about the role it plays in obtaining an organizations goals, which are the recruitment process, training and development of the employees and dealing with their good performance. Allen, M. Ericksen, J. Collins, C. 2013. Human resource management, employee exchange relationships and performance in small businesses, Human Resource Management, Vol. 52, No. 2. Available from

Women Entrepreneurs May Be Defined Business Essay

Women Entrepreneurs May Be Defined Business Essay The Indian women are no longer treated as show pieces to be kept at home.They are also enjoying the impact of globalisation and making an influence not only on domestic but also on international sphere.Women are doing a wonderful job striking a balance between their house and career. Dr. Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Chairman Managing Director of Biocon Ltd., who became Indias richest woman in 2004, was educated at the Bishop Cotton Girls School and Mount Carmel College in Bangalore. She founded Biocon India with a capital of Rs.10,000 in her garage in 1978 the initial operation was to extract an enzyme from papaya. Her application for loans were turned down by banks then on three counts biotechnology was then a new word, thecompany lacked assets, women entrepreneurs were still a rarity. Today, her company is the bigget biopharmaceutical firm in the country. Neelam Dhawan, Managing Director, Microsoft India, leads Microsoft India. She is a graduate from St. Stephens College in 1980,and also passed out from Delhis Faculty Of Management studies in 1982. Then she was keen on joining FMCG majors like Hindustan Lever and Asian Paints, both companies rejected Dhawan, as they didnot wish to appoint women for marketing and sales. STATUS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN INDIA Women entrepreneur as defined by the Government of India is an enterprise owned and controlled by a women having a minimum financial interest of 51 % of the capital and giving atleast 51 % of the employment generated in the enterprise to women.   On the basis government offers incentives and concessions to women entrepreneurs.   However, women entrepreneurs severely criticize this definition which sets out a condition of employing more than 50 % women workers.   They point out that this is discriminatory and any enterprise set-up by women should qualify for the concessions offered to women entrepreneurs. Women entrepreneurs are no longer as hard to find as they were a few decades ago.   However, a lot still remains to be done before the impediments in their way, in the form of unfavourable policies, hostile attitudes or lack of opportunities, are removed and women can function shoulder to shoulder with men.   Non-government organizations promoting women entrepreneurship play a critical role in removing obstacles.   Women as entrepreneurs have to play a key role in the overall economic development of the country.   It is estimated that presently women entrepreneur comprise 10 % of the total entrepreneurs in India with the percentage rising every year and it is likely in another five years, women will comprise 20 % of the entrepreneurial workforce.   This figure is given by Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) as 39.4 %. With corporates eager to associate with women-owned businesses, and a host of banks and NGOs keen to help them get going, there has rarely been a better tim e for women with zeal and creativity to start their own business.   Traditionally, women in India were associated with tiny enterprises called 3Ps Pickles, Pappads and Pepper.   In urban cities of India, more and more women are successfully running day care centres, placement services, floriculture, beauty parlors and fashion boutiques.   Of late, technically and professionally qualified females are launching their small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in click and portal areas like information technology, multimedia, telecommunication and some have become very successful knowledge entrepreneurs.   Even in rural areas, self-help groups (SHGs) are empowering women to start their own business enterprises. Endowed with the famous female intuition that helps them make the right choices even in situations where experience and logic fail, the Indian women have innate flair for entrepreneurship.   Although men and women may be motivated by different goals and expectations, women entrepreneurs are just as competent, if not better, than their male counterparts.   Connie Glaser reports in her famous book When Money Isnt Enough, that male entrepreneurs are motivated by the potential to earn lots of money, while women start their own companies (SMEs) because they seek greater control over their personal and professional lives.   The capabilities and environment with which men and women operate are completely different.   Moreover, women have a few problems in pursuing their SMEs which their male counterparts do not.   If we really want to promote entrepreneurship among women we have to necessarily differentiate entrepreneurship on the basis of sex. Let us look at the key changes for the Indian women entrepreneurship over the last five decades.   Women entrepreneurs of The Fifties, took to entrepreneurial business activity where there was no income generating male or took charge of enterprise her husband had left.   In The Sixties, many women educated in schools and colleges began to have business aspirations and set-up SMEs.   Women entrepreneurs of The Seventies, was the critical mass of women who educated professionally and some set-up their own SMEs in emerging and new areas.   The women entrepreneurs of 50s, 60s, and 70s had accepted both their social and occupational roles.   They played the two roles and tried to balance both.   However, in The Eighties, the women were educated in highly technological and professional disciplines and they set-up their more sophisticatedly managed SMEs.   In The Nineties, women entrepreneurs were qualitatively different breed of women.   They were qualified, capable, compet ent and assertive.   They made better choices of opportunities and ideas, and set-up SMEs which they managed to grow their professionism. Women in The Nineties have often questioned their traditional coding of their roles and have become conscious of the voice of their identity.   The women entrepreneurs of The 21st Century, set-up businesses in IT, Telecom, and financial sectors and they were pioneers and mavericks.   In this millennium, the Indian women world has to cross a major threshold and enter an unknown land.   They have to walk a path where none existed with the sense to discover and fathom new heights with their effectively managed and technically sophisticated SMEs. Among the 94.57 lakhs SMEs owned by men functioning in India, 86.92 % are unregistered and registered units amount only to 13.08 %. In the total number of SMEs owned by men in India more than forth-fifths of the SMEs (86.92%) are unregistered. PERSONAL ENTREPRENEURIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MALE AND FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS General Characteristics   General characteristics of the Indian male and female entrepreneurs that have been noted in this study areas follows: Female Entrepreneurs Women tend to be more cautious and avoid risky ventures that would increase their vulnerability and expose them to possible loss of savings, more so when the impetus to become an entrepreneur arises from circumstances such as loss of job, divorce or death in the family. Business ventures are therefore kept small and products are quite diversified, rather than specialized. Activities are focused on household commitments, namely, to improve living conditions and consumption levels of their families and to educate their children, rather than focused on profit-driven motives. Hence they tend to choose businesses that allow them to balance family and business responsibilities. Sectors to which they gravitate generally exhibit lower growth potential and lower profits. Womens attraction to the services sector is thought to be linked to the view that women are inherently maternal and see themselves as providers for their families, hence their predisposition to enter this sector. The creative capacity of women, which is seen to be greater than that of men, allows them to be more responsive to market conditions, thereby contributing to their survival. Not unrelated to this is the tendency of women to underestimate their skills compared to men. As a result, they are more eager to avail themselves of opportunities for self-improvement through skills upgrading and confidence building. Male Entrepreneurs Male entrepreneurs are generally perceived to be more self-confident and possess better business skills. Men tend to be more profit-oriented, and are greater risk-takers with expectations of greater financial returns. Overall, men have access to a better support system, partly because of their longer experience in the business arena, but more so because of the strength of their networking, and the male bonding phenomenon, variously known as the old boys club. In addition, men generally hold positions of power in organizations and political institutions and have greater control over the decision-making processes (loan approvals etc.). Men enjoy a clear advantage with respect to accessing credit and investment capital, and acquiring market information, which together facilitate their entry into more profitable, high growth sectors. The mobility of men tends not to be as constrained by domestic responsibilities. Difference between Personal Entrepreneurial Characteristics    Based on general information gathered from respondents the main differences in personal entrepreneurial characteristic between female and male entrepreneurs are as follows: Female Entrepreneurs Many female entrepreneurs are said to be in business out of economic necessity. Women tend to underestimate their skills in comparison to men. They are very eager to take advantage of opportunities such as seminars, bazaars, etc. to help them to upgrade their skills and business capabilities, as well as to build up their level of confidence. Women tend to be more cautious in their approach to business in the sense that they are more patient than men, and are willing to wait for a longer period of time for their businesses to grow. Motivation between men and women seems to be different. Women tend to operate in small business and maintain a clear focus on their additional duties and obligations to their family/household. Hence, their main priority is in having adequate finance in hand to meet family commitments, even if they do not obtain an income or salary at month end. Women tend to be largely in the services sector. One view advanced by a key informant is that as women are inherently maternal and intrinsically see themselves as providers for their families, they have a predisposition to enter this sector. Women tend to start businesses that they can manage adequately and financially, bearing in mind that they may also be heading the household in the absence of a male figure. In this case, womens time has to be appropriated prudently between business and familial responsibilities. Women tend to have an aversion to debt, particularly if they have started their business from a position of disadvantage. The view suggests that women entrepreneurs tend to avoid potentially risky business activities that may increase their vulnerability and expose them to the loss of their savings sometimes life savings. A possible additional risk for women could be the fear or embarrassment of being viewed as a failure within the context of a perceived male-dominated society. Womens creative capacity is seen to be greater than that of their male counterparts. Women can diversify more quickly than men in order to remain viable within the market even though this market is small in many cases and they are seen to be more flexible than men as well. Male Entrepreneurs Male entrepreneurs are perceived to be more confident than their female counterparts. They have a better support system, principally because they have more experience in business activities. They are perceived to possess more and better business skills than women. They are seen to be more systematic than women. They tend to be more enterprising in terms of taking higher risks with the expectation of attaining higher financial returns on their investments. Challenges of women entrepreneurs Women are subjected to discrimination in their entrepreneurial endeavours due to various gender-related causes. This discrimination has adversely impacted on their ability to raise or secure capital, to acquire and further managerial talents, and to capture market opportunities. Women are often subjected to greater scrutiny as they approach traditional lending institutions for assistance. This has resulted in many women being discouraged from venturing into business activities on their own. However, it needs to be mentioned that those women who have done so have been quite successful at managing and operating the respective businesses. This refers in particular to women who have been successful in areas such as basketry, food vending, hair dressing, clothes designing, and food manufacturing such as pepper sauces, making syrup and the packaging of various spices. No clearly defined policy framework existed for SME development. In this case, in the views of key informants, there seemed to be gender discrimination in favour of male entrepreneurs. One example given speaks to the issue of males obtaining loans more easily and readily than women from commercial banks to finance their business ventures which, in some cases, were similar to those of women. The Indian Governments recent policy framework has sought to redress some of these imbalances. A wide range of credit facilities is available. However, SMEs persons including women, experience numerous difficulties in accessing funds. There is a lack of readily available information on opportunities for investing in SMEs.   In this regard, women who are starting from a perceived situation of disadvantage in the market especially if they are operating at the periphery of the formal economy are constrained in relation to maximizing their economic potential. The absence of an entrepreneurial culture has permeated all levels of society.   This has resulted in the SME sector being regarded as a less attractive investment option in India. When combined with other barriers, few women find SMEs an attractive career pursuit. Female entrepreneurs may lack business management, marketing and accounting skills.   These skills may be very weak. This may be compounded by the lack of resources and in some cases the will to upgrade these skills. The educational system does not include entrepreneurial education, training and development in the curricula as a crucial area for national economic development. Women who would otherwise benefit from this educational emphasis are inevitably denied early access to the rudiments of business in India6. Major Problems of Women Entrepreneurs The major problem observed are as follows : Women face intensive financial constraints as loans not easily available to them being females a gender bias. Women have over-dependence on intermediaries, middlemen and brokers who exploit rather than helping them. Women face the problem of scarcity of raw materials and depend upon suppliers and middlemen who exploit them charging higher prices. Cut-throat competition in entrepreneurship creates more hurdles to women entrepreneurs. In the case of women entrepreneurs, the cost of production goes high as compared to industries run by their male counterparts.   This creates problems of marketing due to high prices. Women have low mobility as compared to male entrepreneurs because of social hurdles, family responsibilities and discrimination by family members. Women give more priority to family ties and relationships than economic aspects.   This prevents them from becoming successful in entrepreneurship. India being a patriarch society, female daughters dont have rights over the property of their father and hence discriminated by financial institutions. Female entrepreneurs cannot get sales tax number without a male partner which causes a great problem for them.   This is male chaunism that is also in the beginning of the 21st Century. Because of lack of information networks, education and training, potential and existing female entrepreneurs are exploited by unscrupulous agents and brokers7.   There are numerous other problems and challenges which discourages women to undertake entrepreneurship and self-employment as a career option in India as well as many other developing countries of the world.   The government must come-up with clear policies in favour of women entrepreneurs so that female entrepreneurship development can be promoted and further encouraged making them as equal partners in the society.